RESUMO
AIM: To examine the effects of salidroside on choroidal thickness, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), dopamine(DA)and its D1 receptor expression in guinea pigs with lens-induced myopia(LIM).METHODS: A total of 18 two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into the normal control(NC)group, the LIM group, and the LIM + salidroside(LIM+SA)group, with 6 guinea pigs in each group. The guinea pigs in the NC group were fed normally and intragastrically administered with 2 mL/d saline; those in the LIM group wore a -5D lens in front of their right eyes to establish a myopia model, then they were intragastrically administered with 2 mL/d saline. Finally, those in the LIM+SA group wore glasses along with intragastric administration of 2 mL/d salidroside at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The refraction, axial length, and choroidal thickness of guinea pigs in each group were measured 4wk following the establishment of the model. In addition, the relative mRNA expression and protein content of HIF-1α in the choroid and retina of guinea pigs in each group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)and immunohistochemistry(IHC). Finally, the DA concentration and its D1 receptor expression were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Western blot.RESULTS: At 4wk after model establishment, guinea pigs of LIM group and LIM+SA group exhibited increased negative refraction of the right eye, prolonged axial length, and decreased choroidal thickness compared to the NC group. The relative mRNA expression and protein content of HIF-1α in the choroid and retina of the guinea pigs increased. The concentration of DA and the expression of its D1 receptor both decreased. Moreover, compared to the LIM group, the diopter of the right eye of guinea pigs in LIM+SA group significantly reduced, the axial length was shorter, the thickness of choroid increased, the relative mRNA expression and protein content of HIF-1α in the choroid and retina decreased and the concentration of DA and the expression of its D1 receptor both increased.CONCLUSION: Salidroside can delay myopia progression in myopic guinea pigs by affecting choroidal thickness and the expression of HIF-1α, DA and its D1 receptor.
RESUMO
AIM:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of curcumin on apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)in chronic ocular hypertension rats.METHODS:A total of 21 Spraque-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 rats in each group. The rat models of chronic ocular hypertension were established by cauterization of the superior scleral veins in the high intraocular pressure model group and the curcumin treatment group, and the sham operation group only cut the conjunctiva without the cauterization of the superior scleral veins; the rats in the curcumin treatment group were intragastrically treated with curcumin at a dose of 4mL/kg, and the rats in the sham operation group and the high intraocular pressure model group were treated with pure water at a dose of 4mL/kg for 3wk. After 3wk, HE staining was used to observe the morphological and pathological changes of retina, the number of RGCs and the thickness of ganglion cell layer(GCL)in each group of rats; TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of RGCs and retinal cells in each group of rats; the expression levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit(GCLM)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in the retina of each group of rats were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with the sham operation group, the retinal morphology of rats in the high intraocular pressure model group and the curcumin treatment group was disorganized, the number of RGCs was reduced, the GCL was thinner, the apoptosis rate of RGCs and retinal cells increased, and the expression levels of GCLM and HO-1 increased. Compared with the high intraocular pressure model group, the retinal morphology of rats in the curcumin treatment group was basically normal, the number of RGCs increased, the GCL thickened, the apoptosis rate of RGCs and retinal cells decreased, and the expression levels of GCLM and HO-1 increased.CONCLUSION:Curcumin can inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs in the rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant genes GCLM and HO-1.
RESUMO
@#AIM: To systematically evaluate the changes of hemodynamics, astigmatism and cytokines between travoprost and timolol in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in Chinese adults.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies comparing the related efficacy of travoprost and timolol for POAG were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), VIP database and Wanfang database. The search time was from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. The literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality evaluation by Cochrane tools for RCTs and NOS scores for cohort studies, Review Manager 5.4 software was used for Meta-analyses to generate weighed-mean-difference(<i>WMD</i>)as effect size contrasting the efficacy of travoprost and timolol for the peak systolic velocity(PSV), the end diastolic velocity(EDV)and the resistance index(RI)of the central retinal artery(CRA)and the posterior ciliary artery(PCA), astigmatism, the plasma endothelin-1(ET-1), the serum matrix metalloproteinase(MMP), the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2)of the aqueous humor and the serum TIMP-2. RESULTS:Totally 8 RCTs and 4 retrospective cohort studies were included with 1 192 patients.Meta-analysis showed that:compared with timolol group, the travoprost group had greater effect on increasing the PSV(<i>WMD</i>=2.40, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.12-2.68, <i>P</i><0.00001; <i>WMD</i>=3.76, 95%<i>CI</i>: 3.30-4.22, <i>P</i><0.00001)and the EDV(<i>WMD</i>=0.81, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.70-0.91, <i>P</i><0.00001; <i>WMD</i>=0.90, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.72-1.09, <i>P</i><0.00001)of the CRA and the PCA as well as on decreasing the RI(<i>WMD</i>=-0.07, 95%<i>CI</i>: -0.10 to -0.04, <i>P</i><0.00001; <i>WMD</i>=-0.07, 95%<i>CI</i>: -0.08 to -0.05, <i>P</i><0.00001)of the CRA and the PCA; Travoprost was more effective in decreasing astigmatism(<i>WMD</i>=-1.34, 95%<i>CI</i>: -1.62 to -1.06, <i>P</i><0.00001); Compared with timolol, travoprost could significantly decrease the plasma ET-1(<i>WMD</i>=-5.14, 95%<i>CI</i>: -7.08 to -3.20, <i>P</i><0.00001)and the serum MMP(<i>WMD</i>=-12.48, 95%<i>CI</i>: -24.27 to -0.69, <i>P</i>=0.04), while no statistically significant differences were found in the TIMP-2 of the aqueous humor(<i>WMD</i>=-1.40, 95%<i>CI</i>: -5.51-2.71, <i>P</i>=0.51)and the serum TIMP-2(<i>WMD</i>=1.69, 95%<i>CI</i>: -30.03-33.41, <i>P</i>=0.92).CONCLUSION:Compared with timolol, travoprost was more effective in improving hemodynamic indexes and decreasing astigmatism in the treatment of POAG.
